Docu-Course Content
Credits
Credits
Keys to the Court is the product of a shared vision made possible through the collaboration of passionate interdisciplinary team and the invaluable support of partners and funders from across Canada. This collective effort reflects a deep commitment to public legal education and access to justice in Canada.
Our Team
From concept to launch, this project has drawn on the expertise of a diverse group of contributors, including professors, legal professionals, producers, EdTech specialists, and creators. A group of students from the University of Ottawa also played an important role, contributing throughout the various stages of development.
Étienne Trépanier: Producer
Patrick Walton: Associate-Producer
Nicolas Monet: Content Producer, Writer and Lead Researcher
Iphigenia Symeonidis: Expert in Educational Technology
Julie Corbeil: Director
Alex Normand: Director of Photography
David Moreau: Sound Engineer
Marc-André Labonté: Musician
Charles-Maxime Panaccio: Professor, Civil Law Section
Stephen Bindman: Executive in Residence, Common Law Section
Rosemary Cains Way: Professor, Common Law Section
Marie-Ève Sylvestre: President and vice-chancellor, University of Ottawa (Formerly Dean, Civil Law Section)
Sophie Thériault: Dean, Civil Law Section
Kristen Boon: Susan & Perry Dellelce Dean, Common Law Section
Nina Russell: Legal researcher
Delphine Vauclair: Legal researcher, Production assistant, Text Editing, Translation and Accessibility
Farouk Amani: Legal Researcher
Alina Gawhari: Legal Researcher
Sophia Maria Fiorilli: Production assistant
Amanda Buttice: Production assistant, Text Editing, Translation and Accessibility
Jean René Disla: Accounting
Our Partners
This project was developed by the University of Ottawa with the support of funding partners from across the country, and in close collaboration with a talented network of creative partners. Their contributions have been instrumental in bringing this initiative to life.

Photography and Archival Sources
Archival materials and photography have significantly enriched the content of this docu-course. We sincerely thank our partners and institutions for granting permission to use these materials.
- British North America Act. Library and Archives Canada.
- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Government of Canada.
- Proclamation of the Constitution Act, 1982. Library and Archives Canada.
- “Il y a 30 ans: la Victoire juridique du docteur Morgentaler”, Radio-Canada, January 26, 2018.
- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Government of Canada.
- Quebec Premier Maurice Duplessis giving a speech. Library and Archives Canada.
- “Upsetting a law of the land: To the Supreme Court of Canada, federal abortion law ‘interferes with a woman’s physical and bodily integrity’”, The Globe and Mail, January 29, 1988, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p. 1.
- “Court’s Ruling on Abortion: A dilemma for Parliament”, The Toronto Star, February 1, 1988, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p. 1.
- “Morgentaler wins as court rules against abortion law”, The Ottawa Citizen, January 28, 1988, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p. 1.
- “Supreme Court strikes down Canada’s prostitution laws”, CBC News, December 20, 2013.
- “Supreme Court says yes to doctor-assisted suicide in specific cases”, CBC News, February 6, 2015.
- “Supreme Court answers Quebec secession questions”, CBC News, August 20, 1998.
- Hearing of R. v. S. (R.D.) (1997). Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- “Black judge not biased, top court rules”, The Globe and Mail, September 27, 1997, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p. A2.
- Portraits of the Supreme Court Justices. Supreme Court of Canada.
- Photos from Chief Justice Richard Wagner’s annual press conferences. Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- “Mulroney appoint 3rd women to court”, The Globe and Mail, March 31, 1989, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p. 1.
- “Supreme Court strikes down Canada’s prostitution laws” CBC News, December 20, 2013.
- Photos. Archives of Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique.
- Hearing of Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie‑Britannique v. British Columbia (2020). Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- Hearing of R. v. Harrison (2009). Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- “Court Leaves door open to possible new criminal sanctions”, The Toronto Star, December 21, 2013. ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p. 1.
- “Death: A basic right”, Toronto Star, February 7, 2015, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p. 1.
- “La Cour suprême dit oui à l’aide médicale à mourir”, Radio-Canada, February 6, 2015.
- “Supreme Court says yes to doctor-assisted suicide in specific cases”, CBC News. February 6, 2015.
- Hearing of Multani v. Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys (2005). Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- British North America Act. Library and Archives Canada.
- (Parliament Buildings) Centre Block – old.Library and Archives Canada.
- Fathers of Confederation in London. Library and Archives Canada.
- Interior view of the House of Commons, Session 1897. Library and Archives Canada.
- Interior of the Old Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. April, 1890. Library and Archives Canada.
- Hon. Charles Fitzpatrick, Québec, M.P. Solicitor-General of Canada. Library and Archives Canada.
- Canada’s Number 1 citizen, Prime Minister Mackenzie King, receives his certificate in proof from Chief Justice Thibaudeau Rinfret (taken in new SCC building). Library and Archives Canada.
- Former Supreme Court building (formerly a workshop during the construction of the Parliament Buildings). Library and Archives Canada.
- Ottawa, Ont. Library and Archives Canada.
- “Il y a 30 ans. la Victoire juridique du docteur Morgentaler”, Radio-Canada, January 26, 2018.
Video:
- Fathers of Confederation in London. Library and Archives Canada.
- Former Supreme Court building (formerly a workshop during the construction of the Parliament Buildings). Library and Archives Canada.
- Old Supreme Court and West Block. Library and Archives Canada.
- Supreme Court [building under construction], Ottawa, [Ont.]. Library and Archives Canada.
- Queen Elizabeth at cornerstone-laying ceremony for the Supreme Court of Canada during Royal Tour. Library and Archives Canada.
- King George VI and Queen Elizabeth arrive to lay corner stone for the Supreme Court of Canada during the Royal Tour. Library and Archives Canada.
Photo carousel:
- Former Supreme Court building (formerly a workshop during the construction of the Parliament Buildings). Library and Archives Canada
- Interior of the Old Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. April, 1890. Library and Archives Canada
- New Court House, Montreal, P.Q. Library and Archives Canada.
- Supreme Court [building under construction], Ottawa, [Ont.]. Library and Archives Canada
- Supreme Court [building under construction], Ottawa, [Ont.] (front facing). Library and Archives Canada
- Queen Elizabeth at cornerstone-laying ceremony for the Supreme Court of Canada during Royal Tour. Library and Archives Canada
- Supreme Court [building under construction], Ottawa, [Ont.] (Grand Hall). Library and Archives Canada
- Demolition of Old Supreme Court Building, Dec. 1956. Library and Archives Canada
- Supreme Court in winter. © Philippe Landreville
Video:
- Military Service Act 1916: enlist Voluntarily now. Library and Archives Canada.
- War Measures Act – Troops. Library and Archives Canada.
- Canadian wounded being brought through the mud. Battle of Passchendaele. November, 1917. Library and Archives Canada.
- Tanks advancing down Amiens-Roye Road. Battle of Amiens. August, 1918. Library and Archives Canada.
- (World War I – 1914 – 1918) Fifth & Seventh Batteries, C.F.A. arriving in Montreal, P.Q., for demobilization, 1919. Library and Archives Canada.
- Canadian troops marching past Sir Robert Borden, Bramshott, England, April 1917. Library and Archives Canada.
- People eating at a soup kitchen. Library and Archives Canada.
- (Parliament Buildings) Centre Block – old. Library and Archives Canada.
- Hon. R.B. Bennett, Prime Minister of Canada. Library and Archives Canada.
- (La Dépression) Membres de la Single Men’s Unemployed Association se dirigeant vers l’Église unie de la rue Bathurst. Library and Archives Canada.
- Soldiers of the 7 Canadian Infantry Battalion repairing the turret of a panther tank. Library and Archives Canada.
- Internment camp for Japanese – Canadians [Lemon Creek, B.C]. Library and Archives Canada.
- R.C.N. officer questioning Japanese-Canadian fishermen while confiscating their boat. Library and Archives Canada.
- Group of interned Japanese-Canadian men at a road camp. Library and Archives Canada.
- YMCA war services overseas. Library and Archives Canada.
- Japanese-Canadian man and woman relocate by train to camps in the interior of British Columbia. Library and Archives Canada.
- Japanese-Canadian men load a train travelling to camps in the interior of British Columbia. Library and Archives Canada.
- [Pearson enjoying a toast with Vyacheslav Molotov and other officials on visit to Soviet Union]. Library and Archives Canada.
- Conséquence de la Loi du Cadenas, documents d’allégeance communiste saisis et exposés à Hôtel de ville de Montréal. Library and Archives Canada.
- “Padlock law ruled invalid for invading federal field”, The Globe and Mail, March 9, 1957, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p. 1.
- “La loi du Cadenas est déclarée ultra vires par la Cour suprême”, Le Devoir, March 9, 1957, p. 1.
- “FBI Joins Spy Hunt: Investigations now focused on munitions department”, The Globe and Mail, February 18, 1946, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p. 1.
- Le très honorable Pierre Elliott Trudeau. Library and Archives Canada.
- “Seul Clark s’oppose au projet de réforme”, Le Devoir, October 7, 1980, p. 1.
- “L’Assemblée débattra une motion de résistance au projet Trudeau”, Le Devoir, September 30, 1981, p. 1.
- “Ruling Moral Triumph for Provinces: Experts”, The Toronto Star, September 29, 1981, ProQuest Historical, p. 1.
- “Trudeau BNA plan is divisive, 60% say”, The Globe and Mail, August 19, 1981, ProQuest, p. 1.
- “PM’s bid ‘offends’ but is legal”, The Globe and Mail, September 29, 1981, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p. 1.
- View of stage for signing of Proclamation of the Constitution Act, 1982. Library and Archives Canada.
- Trudeau signing the Proclamation of the Constitution Act, 1982. Library and Archives Canada.
- “La nouvelle constitution est un point de départ (Trudeau)”, Le Devoir, April 19, 1989, p. 1.
- René Lévesque. Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec.
- “Supreme Court answers Quebec secession questions” CBC News, August 20, 1998.
- “NO– by a whisker: Firm rejection of the status quo is only clear result”, The Globe and Mail, October 31, 1995. ProQuest Historical Newspapers, p. A1.
- “Supreme Court answers Quebec secession questions” CBC News, August 20, 1998.
Timeline:
- Six justices on the Bench. Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- Supreme Court [building under construction], Ottawa, [Ont.]. Library and Archives Canada.
- Interior view of the House of Commons, Session 1897. Library and Archives Canada.
- Former Supreme Court building (formerly a workshop during the construction of the Parliament Buildings). Library and Archives Canada.
- Interior of the Old Supreme Court of Canada. Library and Archives Canada.
- Rt. Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King and guests unveiling a plaque commemorating the five Alberta women whose efforts resulted in the Persons Case, which established the rights of women to hold public office in Canada. Library and Archives Canada.
- Statute of Westminster: Library and Archives Canada.
- Supreme Court [building under construction], Ottawa, [Ont.] (Grand Hall). Library and Archives Canada
- Canada’s Number 1 citizen, Prime Minister Mackenzie King, receives his certificate in proof from Chief Justice Thibaudeau Rinfret (taken in new SCC building). Library and Archives Canada.
- London Judicial Committee of the Privy Council Hall. Wikimedia commons. ChrisVTG Photography.
- Supreme Court Justices lined up in a court room. Library and Archives Canada.
- Quebec premier Maurice Duplessis speaking during the 1952 provincial electoral campaign. Library and Archives Canada.
- Portrait of Bertha Wilson. Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- Trudeau signing the Proclamation of the Constitution Act, 1982. Library and Archives Canada.
- Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Government of Canada.
- “Il y a 30 ans: la Victoire juridique du docteur Morgentaler”, Radio-Canada, January 26, 2018.
- Indigenous women and children with a kayak, possibly in Northern Québec. Library and Archives Canada.
- Hearing of R. v. S. (R.D.) (1997), Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- Non au référendum 1995. Wikicommons/ShareAlike 4.0 International.
- Sign for the “Yes” side in the 1995 Quebec referendum. Wikicommons.
- Portrait of Beverley McLachlin. Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- Hearing of R. v. Harrison (2009). Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- Protesters during the Bedford hearing. Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- “Supreme Court says yes to doctor-assisted suicide in specific cases”, CBC News. February 6, 2015.
- Portrait of Michelle O’Bonsawin. Supreme Court of Canada.
- Portrait of Chief Justices. Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- Wrestling video. Cégep de La Pocatière Archives.
- “Paraplégique, Me Frédéric St-Jean s’adresse à la Cour suprême”, Le Soleil, July 18, 2000, p. A1.
- Hearing of St-Jean v. Mercier (2001). Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- “Défaite pour les victimes d’erreur médicale”, Le Soleil, February 22, 2022, p. A4.
- “Daily Recap: February 16, 2023”, CPAC, February 16, 2023.
- “Official Welcoming Ceremony for New Supreme Court Justice Mahmud Jamal” CPAC, October 28, 2021.
- “Ottawa Tables Bill to Address Supreme Court Ruling on Extreme Intoxication” CPAC, June 17, 2022.
- Photos of the Supreme Court’s diplomatic events. Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- Hearing of Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie‑Britannique v. British Columbia (2020). Supreme Court of Canada Archives.
- “Supreme Court says yes to doctor-assisted suicide in specific cases”, CBC News, February 6, 2015.
- Hearing of R. v. Harrison (2009). Supreme Court of Canada Archives.

